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Clifford Geertz, one of the most influential anthropologists of the 20th century, brought a significant shift in the field of ethnography by emphasizing the importance of symbols and meanings in human culture. In his interpretive approach, he highlighted how religion functions symbolically to shape human experience and social order. His classic essay *Religion as a Cultural System* (1966) and his ethnographic work in Indonesia and Morocco provide a foundational framework for understanding the role of symbolism in religious functions. In comparative ethnography, Geertz’s approach allows for the analysis of diverse religious systems by focusing on how symbols are embedded in ritual, belief, and practice, and how these, in turn, create and reinforce a sense of meaning, morality, and reality. According to Geertz, religion is essentially a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in people by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence. These conceptions are then clothed with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic. For Geertz, the symbolic nature of religion lies in its ability to link the ethos (moral and aesthetic style of life) and the worldview (the picture people have of the way things in sheer actuality are). Religious functions, therefore, are not merely ritualistic performances but deep expressions of cultural meaning, transmitted and reinforced through symbols. Geertz's fieldwork in Bali offers one of the clearest illustrations of the role of symbolism in __________ ______ _______ ________ _____ _________ _______.
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