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Feminism in anthropology emerged as a significant intellectual and political movement that challenged the male-dominated foundations of the discipline. It questioned androcentric biases in ethnographic work, theoretical formulations, and methodological practices. Social anthropology, which traditionally emphasized kinship, social organization, and cultural practices, had for long marginalized or misrepresented women and gendered experiences. Feminist anthropologists worked to revise these omissions by bringing gender, power relations, and women's voices to the centre of anthropological inquiry. Feminism in anthropology is not a monolithic framework but a diverse set of approaches that aim to address inequality and representation, particularly from the standpoint of women and other marginalized genders. It can broadly be categorized into three phases: the critique of male bias, the documentation of women’s experiences, and the incorporation of gender as an analytic category. The early phase of feminist anthropology was primarily reactive. It sought to highlight the ways in which mainstream anthropology had rendered women invisible or secondary in ethnographic descriptions and theoretical generalizations. Many classic anthropological texts failed to mention women at all, or else portrayed them only in relation to men—as wives, mothers, or daughters. Scholars like Michelle Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere, in their edited volume *Woman, Culture and Society* (1974), pointed out that male anthropologists often overlooked the significance of women’s roles and contributions. They argued that the universal subordination of women was not biologically determined but rather culturally constructed. Rosaldo emphasized the public/domestic dichotomy and argued that the assignment of women to the domestic sphere contributed to their lower status across cultures. Lamphere, in contrast, focused on structural constraints within society that restricted women’s participation in the public domain. The documentation phase of feminist anthropology aimed to fill in the empirical gaps by conducting ethnographies that focused specifically on women’s lives. Feminist anthropologists began undertaking fieldwork among women, employing methods that allowed for the collection of women-centered narratives and experiences. An important example is the work __________ _________ ____ __________ _____ __________ __________ _____.
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