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Change in an institution often becomes effective and sustainable when it is self-initiated rather than imposed externally. Self-initiated models of management of change emphasize internal motivation, leadership commitment, participation, and continuous learning. Institutions, particularly those engaged in distance education, operate in dynamic environments shaped by technological advancements, learner diversity, and policy shifts, making such models highly relevant. One important self-initiated model is the planned change model, where the institution consciously diagnoses the need for change, sets clear objectives, and designs strategies to achieve them. This model involves stages such as identifying internal problems, analyzing existing practices, planning interventions, implementing change, and evaluating outcomes. In distance education institutions, planned change may relate to curriculum redesign, adoption of learning management systems, or restructuring learner support services. Since the _______ ___ _________ ___ ___ __________ ________ ________.
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