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Universal precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, bodily fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. In the context of HIV/AIDS care, these precautions are especially critical for healthcare professionals and caregivers to protect themselves and to prevent further spread of the virus. The approach assumes that all blood and certain body fluids are potentially infectious, regardless of the perceived status of the patient. This standard practice has played a significant role in reducing occupational exposure to HIV in healthcare settings. The primary objective of universal precautions in HIV care is to minimize the risk of transmission between the patient and healthcare provider or caregiver. These precautions are based on hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), proper handling and disposal of medical waste, and the use of safe practices in all healthcare procedures. 1. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment includes gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, and face shields. These should be used appropriately depending on the type of exposure expected. * Gloves must be worn when there is potential contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, or contaminated equipment. Gloves should be changed after each patient interaction and disposed of properly. * Face masks and eye protection are essential when there is a possibility of splashes or sprays of blood or bodily ____ _________ ______ ___ _______ _____ _________ ___ ______ ____ ________ ___.
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