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Democratic decentralisation refers to the transfer of authority, resources, and decision-making powers from the higher levels of government to the local levels, enabling citizens to directly participate in governance and development processes. It is grounded in the principle that governance is most effective and legitimate when people closest to the issues being addressed are involved in making decisions about them. Unlike mere administrative decentralisation, which is confined to shifting administrative responsibilities from central to subordinate levels, democratic decentralisation emphasizes empowering elected local bodies so that governance is truly participatory, accountable, and responsive to local needs. The meaning of democratic decentralisation lies in its core idea of dispersing power away from a central authority to locally elected representatives. It embodies the principle of subsidiarity, which suggests that decisions should be taken at the lowest possible level of governance where they can be most effectively implemented. In practice, it involves creating and empowering local self-governing institutions that have legal status, autonomy, and accountability to the citizens they serve. These institutions not only execute development schemes but also design policies tailored to the local context, ensuring that governance reflects local priorities rather than being imposed from above. The concept of democratic decentralisation goes beyond structural or institutional arrangements; it embodies a democratic ethos. It ensures that people’s voices are not drowned out in distant bureaucracies but are instead heard through locally elected representatives who understand the immediate realities of their communities. Democratic decentralisation is often associated with grassroots democracy, where governance is not only for the people but also by and with the people. It requires regular elections, transparency in decision-making, and mechanisms for people to hold their local leaders accountable. Thus, democratic decentralisation fuses the values of democracy with the operational needs of governance, making the system both people-oriented and development-oriented. Historically, democratic decentralisation has been promoted as a counterbalance to centralized governance systems, which often become inefficient, unresponsive, ____ ______ ________ ___ ___ __________ ___ ____ _______ _______.
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