Describe the Madrid system of registration of marks.

The Madrid System of registration of marks is an international system administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) that facilitates the registration of trademarks in multiple jurisdictions through a single application. It allows trademark holders to protect their marks across various countries with ease, offering a streamlined process for international trademark protection. The Madrid System consists of two key components: the Madrid Agreement (1891) and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement (1989). 

Under the Madrid System, an applicant can file a single international application for trademark registration, designating multiple member countries where they seek protection. The application is based on the applicant's national or regional registration or application, meaning that the applicant must first have a trademark registered or applied for in their home country or office. This is referred to as the "basic application" or "basic registration," which serves as the foundation for the international application. 

Once the application is submitted, WIPO examines it to ensure that it meets the necessary formal requirements. If the application is accepted, it is then forwarded to the designated countries or regions. Each designated country or region will independently review the trademark based on its own laws and regulations, and the registration process will proceed according to their procedures. While the Madrid System simplifies the process, it does not harmonize national laws, meaning that the applicant _____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ______ __________ __________ _____ _________.
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