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Physical performance, a central topic in physiological anthropology, is influenced by a complex interaction of biological, environmental, cultural, and evolutionary factors. Physiological anthropology seeks to understand how humans adapt biologically and functionally to their environments, and physical performance is a key manifestation of this adaptation. Factors affecting physical performance include genetics, age, sex, nutrition, climate, altitude, training, and cultural practices. Genetic inheritance plays a fundamental role in determining the physical capacities of an individual. Genes influence muscle fiber composition, cardiovascular efficiency, lung capacity, and metabolic rate. For instance, the proportion of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers can affect whether an individual is better suited for endurance or explosive activities. Some populations have genetic adaptations that enhance performance in specific environmental conditions. For example, East African highland populations often exhibit high endurance performance, possibly linked to genetic ______ ___ ___ _______ ______ _______ _______ _____ __________ ___.
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