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Rural India is home to nearly two thirds of the country’s population, and the health status of this population has a decisive influence on national development. Historically, rural areas have faced problems such as poverty, illiteracy, poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, malnutrition, high maternal and infant mortality, and inadequate access to medical services. To address these challenges, the Government of India, in collaboration with state governments and local bodies, has introduced a wide range of schemes and programmes aimed at improving the health of rural populations. These initiatives focus not only on curative care but also on preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative aspects of health, with special attention to vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly, and the poor. A major milestone in rural health care was the launch of the National Rural Health Mission, which later became a part of the National Health Mission. This programme was designed to strengthen the public health system in rural areas by improving infrastructure, ensuring availability of trained human resources, and enhancing community participation. Under this mission, sub-centres, primary health centres, and community health centres were upgraded to provide comprehensive primary health care. Special emphasis was placed on decentralised planning, flexible financing, and integration of various national disease control programmes. Accredited Social Health Activists were introduced as a key link between the community and the health system, particularly for maternal and child health services, health education, and mobilisation of the community for ______ ________ _______ __________ _________.
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