Describe fertility, mortality and migration and explain why these concepts are basic to understand demography.

Fertility, mortality, and migration are three fundamental components of demography that determine population dynamics and structure. Understanding these concepts is essential in analyzing population trends and their impact on sustainable development.

Fertility refers to the ability of individuals or couples to reproduce and is measured by various indicators such as the crude birth rate, total fertility rate (TFR), and age-specific fertility rates. The crude birth rate represents the number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year, while the total fertility rate estimates the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive years. Fertility is influenced by _______ ________ _________ _________ ________ _______ ___ ________.
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