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The welfare approach refers to a development strategy that views women primarily as passive recipients of aid and social services rather than as active participants in the development process. It is one of the earliest frameworks that addressed gender issues, especially within the context of development programs in post-colonial and economically marginalized societies. This approach gained prominence particularly during the 1950s and 1960s when development policies focused heavily on welfare measures like food aid, maternal and child health care, family planning, and nutritional support. The welfare approach treats women largely in their reproductive roles—as mothers and wives—rather than recognizing their productive or decision-making capabilities. It emphasizes top-down policies in which the state or donor agencies determine women’s needs and supply services accordingly. Programs under the welfare approach are often framed in terms of charity or support, rather than as rights or entitlements, thereby maintaining traditional gender hierarchies and roles. This approach tends to homogenize women's experiences, ignoring the intersectionalities of class, caste, race, and geography. Moreover, it often places the burden of population control and family health disproportionately on women, without questioning patriarchal structures or male responsibility in family welfare. ### Key Features of the Welfare Approach 1. Reproductive Focus: Women are mainly seen as mothers and caregivers. Programs prioritize maternity care, child nutrition, and family planning. 2. Top-Down Planning: Welfare schemes are designed by state or international agencies without women's participation. 3. Passive Role of Women: Women are seen as passive beneficiaries of aid, not as active agents of change or development. 4. Short-Term Relief: Emphasis is on short-term relief measures rather than long-term empowerment or structural change. 5. Charity-Based Framework: Assistance is provided as a form of social welfare, not as a recognition of rights or entitlements. 6. Focus on Vulnerability: Women are perceived as dependents or vulnerable populations _______ _______ ______ ___ __________ ___ _______ ______ __________.
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