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Risk management in food safety and quality management refers to a systematic and structured process of identifying, assessing, evaluating, controlling, and monitoring risks that may compromise the safety and quality of food products. It aims to protect public health by minimizing the likelihood and severity of adverse effects resulting from biological, chemical, or physical hazards in food. In the context of food systems, risk management operates as a core component of the broader risk analysis framework, which includes risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. While risk assessment is science-based and focuses on evaluating hazards and exposure, risk management involves selecting and implementing appropriate control measures, policies, and regulatory actions based on scientific evidence, economic considerations, and societal values. In food safety, risks arise at every stage of the food supply chain, from primary production and harvesting to processing, storage, transportation, retailing, and consumption. Effective risk management ensures that hazards such as pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, heavy metals, allergens, food additives, and foreign objects are controlled within acceptable limits. It supports compliance with national and international standards such as those established by Codex Alimentarius, ISO 22000, HACCP systems, and regulatory authorities. By integrating preventive controls and continuous monitoring, risk management enhances consumer confidence, maintains brand reputation, and reduces financial losses due to recalls and legal liabilities. One of the fundamental principles of risk management is the protection of consumer health as the primary objective. All decisions and control measures must prioritize food safety over economic or commercial interests. This principle ensures ___ __________ ________ _________ ____ __________ ________.
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