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Mechanization refers to the process of introducing and utilizing machines and mechanical devices to perform various tasks which were traditionally carried out manually or with the help of animals. It involves the application of engineering principles and modern technology to increase efficiency, productivity, and precision in diverse sectors. In agriculture, mechanization means the use of machinery for ploughing, sowing, irrigation, harvesting, threshing, and other activities that reduce human drudgery, save time, and enhance yields. It is closely linked to industrial development, rural transformation, and ecological considerations, especially in developing countries like India, where agriculture is not only the backbone of the economy but also a vital aspect of social and cultural life. Mechanization in agriculture in India has a long and complex trajectory. For centuries, Indian farming remained heavily dependent on human labor and draught animals. Wooden ploughs, sickles, spades, and bullock carts dominated the agricultural landscape. This system, though adapted to the traditional subsistence economy, was inefficient in dealing with the challenges of population growth, low productivity, and climatic variability. The colonial period saw limited introduction of machinery, but large-scale adoption was absent due to the exploitative nature of colonial policies and lack of institutional support for peasant ____ ________ _______ _______ _______ _________ ____ _____.
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