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The care economy refers to the sector of economic and social life that is involved in the provision of care, both paid and unpaid. This includes activities and services related to caring for children, the elderly, the sick, and persons with disabilities, as well as managing and maintaining households. The care economy is crucial to the functioning of any society because it sustains the workforce, promotes social cohesion, and contributes to overall well-being. However, despite its significance, care work is often undervalued, underpaid, and largely invisible in mainstream economic analyses. Most importantly, the care economy is deeply gendered, with the burden of care disproportionately falling on women and girls, particularly in patriarchal societies. In the context of gender and development, the care economy is central to understanding issues of gender inequality, economic participation, and social justice. One of the key problems lies in how care work is conceptualized and rewarded. Unpaid care work, which includes cooking, cleaning, washing, caregiving, and emotional support, is not counted in the gross domestic product (GDP) and often goes unrecognized in policy planning. Yet, without this work, the formal economy could not function. This invisibility perpetuates the marginalization of women and reinforces existing gender hierarchies. The gendered division of labor in the care economy begins at the household level. From early childhood, girls are often socialized to take up caregiving roles. For instance, in my own experience growing up in a joint family, I observed that it was always the women—my mother, aunts, and grandmother—who were expected to care for the children, cook meals, and look after sick relatives. Even when they were working full-time jobs, the expectation remained that they would return home and continue their "second ___ __________ _________ ___ _______ _______ ________ ______ ____ _________ ____ ___.
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