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The assimilationist policy of the French colonial administration was a central ideology guiding French imperial governance, particularly from the 19th century onward. Rooted in the values of the French Revolution—liberty, equality, and fraternity—it was based on the belief that the colonized people could and should become "French" by adopting French language, culture, institutions, and values. This policy was not only a tool for administrative control but also a civilizing mission (mission civilisatrice) that claimed to elevate colonized societies to the cultural standards of France. However, in reality, this ideology served to reinforce French dominance, suppress indigenous cultures, and maintain colonial hierarchies. The assimilation policy was initially implemented in France’s oldest colonies such as Senegal, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion. In these regions, select individuals—mainly from the educated elite—could access French citizenship if they met certain cultural, linguistic, and legal criteria. Known as “évolués” (the evolved ones), these individuals were expected to abandon their traditional customs and adopt French ways of life completely. They were permitted to vote in French elections, access the French legal system, and even hold positions within the colonial administration. Yet, such privileges were rarely granted and tightly controlled. The basis of assimilation was the assumption _________ ____ ________ ___ _________ __________ _________ ______ ___ ________.
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