Classify the chromatographic technique based on mobile phase, stationary phase and mechanism of separation.

Chromatographic techniques are essential in instrumentation for environmental monitoring, where they help detect and quantify pollutants, trace elements, and other substances in air, water, and soil samples. Chromatography achieves separation of complex mixtures based on differences in physical or chemical properties of components between two phases: a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The classification of chromatographic techniques can be organized based on the type of mobile phase, the nature of the stationary phase, and the mechanism of separation.

Classification Based on Mobile Phase

1. Gas Chromatography (GC)
   In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is an inert carrier gas, typically helium, nitrogen, or hydrogen. The sample is vaporized and carried by the gas through a column packed or coated with the stationary phase. GC is widely used in environmental monitoring to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in air and water.

2. Liquid Chromatography (LC)
   In liquid chromatography, the mobile phase is a liquid solvent or a mixture of solvents. It is used to separate compounds based on solubility differences. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a common technique, especially for detecting pesticides, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples.

3. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC)
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