Question

 

Calculate the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in a copper crystal at 1000 K. Given that melting point of copper is 1083°C and enthalpy of vacancy formation in copper is 120 kJ per mole.

11 Sep 2025
Answer :
Word Count : 175
For an intrinsic vacancy concentration in a metal the usual approximation is $ \dfrac{n_v}{N} \approx \exp\!\left(-\dfrac{\Delta H_f}{RT}\right)$, where $\Delta H_f$ is the molar enthalpy of vacancy formation, $R$ the ____ ____ ______ _________ _________ ________ ___ ___.
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