Word Count : 1182

---

The second generation of models of organization design emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, evolving from the first generation’s focus on universal structures towards a more contingent approach that considered environmental variability, strategic priorities, and human factors. While first-generation models, such as those of Max Weber’s bureaucracy or the classical school, assumed that one optimal structure could fit all organizations, the second generation recognized that effective design depends on the interplay of multiple variables. This phase was strongly influenced by contingency theory, socio-technical systems thinking, and the growing recognition of organizational complexity. The design parameters in this generation emphasized the alignment between an organization’s structure, its environment, and its internal capabilities. One of the primary design parameters was differentiation and integration. Differentiation referred to the extent to which tasks and responsibilities were divided into distinct units, departments, or roles. This was necessary for specialization and efficiency. However, as organizations became more complex, integration mechanisms were equally vital to ensure that these differentiated units worked together cohesively. This included liaison roles, cross-functional teams, integrator positions, and formal communication channels. Lawrence and Lorsch’s work on differentiation and integration became a cornerstone, showing that organizations in more uncertain environments needed ______ __________ ___ __________ ____ _________ __________ ___ ______.
_______ _________ ________ ______ ________ ______ ____ _________ _________ ______ ____ _____.
_______ ____ ___ ____ _______ ______ ___ ____ _______ ______ _____.
________ _____ ____ ___ ____ ________.
______ _______ ___ _________ ________ ___ ________ _______ ____ _________ _____.
______ ____ _______ ______ _________ ________.
____ ___ ___ _________ ____ _________.
_________ ___ ____ ____ ______ ______.
_______ ___ __________ _______ ____ _________ ___.
__________ _____ ____ _______ ___ ____ ___ _________ ___.
_____ __________ __________ _________ _________ ____ ____ _________ _____ _______ __________.
______ ___ ______ _____ ______ _________ ____.
___ ________ ________ __________ ___ ________ _____ _______ ___ ___ ______ _____.
_____ ____ _____ ___ __________ ______ ____.
____ ______ _____ __________ _______ ______ ___ _______ _____ _________ ____ _________.
____ ________ _____ _____ ________ _________ ____ ___ ___ ___ ________ ______.
____ ___ ______ _____ _____ _________ ________ _______ ____ ____.
__________ _______ ________ __________ ______ ____.
______ ___ ____ ____ _______ __________ _____ ______ _____.
____ ____ _________ ______ _________ ___ ____ _______.
______ _________ ______ ___ _________ __________ ________ _______.
_________ __________ ___ ______ ____ _______ ________ ______ ____ ______ __________ __________.
______ _________ _______ ___ ___ ____ __________ ______.
_______ _________ _____ _________ _______ _________ __________ ________ ____ _________.
_______ ____ ________ ______ ____ ___ ___ ____ __________.
__________ ________ ___ _______ _________ ________ _________ _________ ___ ________ __________ __________.
________ ____ ______ ______ ___ ____ ______ _______.
_______ __________ __________ _________ ___ __________ ___ ___ ___ ___ __________ ________.
________ ___ ______ _____ ___ ____ ______ ______ _______.
_____ _____ ______ ___ __________ ___ ______ __________ ____.
___ ________ ______ _____ _________ ____ _________ ______ ______ ___ _____.
_________ _________ __________ ________ _______ ___ __________ _____.
____ ______ ____ ____ ______ ____ ____ ________ ____ _________ _________ _____.
______ ______ ____ ________ ____ __________ _____ ___ ___ _______ ___ __________.
___ _________ ________ _________ _______ _______ __________.
__________ _______ ___ __________ ___ ______ ____.
________ ____ ____ __________ _________ ________.
______ ________ _________ _________ _____.
____ ___ ___ __________ ____ ___ _________ ____ ____ _________ ___.
_________ _____ __________ _________ ___ ________ __________ __________ _______ ______.
_______ ______ ______ ______ _____ ____ ________.
_______ __________ ___ ______ _________ __________.
_______ _______ _____ ____ ___.
_____ ___ ___ ____ ____ ____ __________ __________ ___ ______ ____ _______.
___ __________ __________ ___ ________ __________ _____ ___ _____ _________ _______ _____.
_____ ____ __________ ______ ________ _________ _______ ___ ____ ___ ___ ________.
____ ________ ________ _________ ____ _______ _________ _____ _________.
_____ ____ _________ ________ ______ ____ _________ _____ ______ __________.
__________ _______ ______ ____ ______ _________.
_______ ____ ____ _______ _______.
_____ ________ ______ ______ ______ _______ _____.
___ __________ ________ ___ _____ ___ _______ ______ ________.
___ _________ _________ ______ _____ __________ _____ ____ ______ ______ ________ ___.
_______ _______ ________ ______ _______.
_____ _____ ___ _________ __________ ____ ___ ______ _________.
_______ _____ _________ ___ _______.
_______ ______ __________ ___ ______ ________ ____ _______.
______ __________ ___ ______ __________ _________ ___ _____ ___ _______.
_______ ________ ______ ____ _________ _______ ____ _______ ________ ________ _________.
______ ________ ________ ______ _________ _______.
_________ ________ ____ ______ __________ ____ _______ ____.
_______ _____ _____ _______ __________ _________ ______.
________ ________ __________ _________ _______ ___ ____ _________ ______.
_________ ___ _________ _______ __________.
__________ __________ _____ ____ ___ __________ _____ ______ _________.
__________ _______ _________ ______ ____ __________ ______ ____ _______ ___ _________ ____.
_______ ____ _________ ________ ________ ______ ________ ______.
_________ _____ ______ _________ __________ ______.
________ ___ ___ ______ _____ ____ _________ _______ _________ ________.
____ ___ _____ _________ ________ ____ ___ ______ _______.
_________ ________ ___ ________ ______ ______ ______ _______ _____ _______.
____ _____ _________ ____ _____ _______ __________ __________ _________ _______ ____.
______ ____ _______ _____ ___ _________ ____ _____ _________ ________ _____.
_______ ___ _______ ____ _____ ___ _________ __________ _______ ___.
________ __________ _______ ___ ______ ________ __________ ________ ____ _____.
_______ ________ ________ __________ _________ ___ _________ ____ ______.
________ _____ __________ ______ ___ ___ _______ __________ ___ __________ ___ ______.
___ ____ ________ ___ _____.
____ _______ _________ ________ _____ _____ ____ _________ _______ _________ _____.
____ ________ _____ ____ _________ ______ __________ __________ ______ ___ ____.
_____ _____ ______ ______ _________ ________ _______ _________ ________ _________.
___ _____ ___ _____ ____.
__________ ________ ___ __________ ____ _________.
___ _______ ______ ____ _________ _____ _____ ___ ____ ____.
____ ________ ____ _________ _____ ___ ____ ________ _______ ________ _____ ___.
_______ __________ ___ ____ ____ ____ ________ ____ ______ _________ __________ ______.
_______ __________ _______ _______ ______ _______ ___ ________ _________.
__________ _________ ________ ________ _________ __________.
__________ __________ _____ ________ ______ _______ __________ ________.
______ _______ ________ ____ _______ ____ ______ ___.
____ __________ ________ ___ ______ _____ ________ _________ _________ __________ __________ _____.
___ ____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ________.
______ _________ _____ ______ _________ ________ _______ _________ ________ ________ ________.
________ ______ __________ ____ _______ ____.
_________ ____ ___ _______ _______ ________.
_______ ____ ______ _________ __________ _______ ________ ___ ________ ____ _____ _________.
___ _______ _______ _____ _____ __________ ______.
_____ _____ _____ __________ ______ __________ _______ ____ ______.
__________ _____ ____ _________ __________ ______ ________ ____ ____ _____.
________ _______ ____ _____ ________ ______ _______ __________ _________ __________ _____.
____ ________ ___ ___ ________ _______ ______ ________ _______ ____.
______ ________ __________ _______ ______ _________ ________.
__________ __________ ________ __________ ____ ________ ________ _____.
__________ ____ __________ ___ ________ __________ ____ _____ _______.
_______ _________ ____ ______ ______ ________ _____ _________ ___ ______ ___.
_________ ________ ___ __________ ________ _________ _____ ____ _________.
_______ ________ __________ __________ __________ _________.
___ ___ _____ _________ ______ _________ __________ ______ __________ ____ ____ _______.
_______ ________ ______ ______ _________ ____ ______.
____ ______ _________ _________ ________ ________ ______ _________ _______ ______.
____ _______ _________ ________ ____ __________ ________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp