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Antifungal agents are a class of drugs used to treat fungal infections by either killing the fungi (fungicidal) or inhibiting their growth (fungistatic). Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, which makes selective toxicity challenging, as their cellular structures share similarities with human cells. These agents are broadly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, and spectrum of activity. The primary targets of antifungal therapy include the fungal cell membrane, cell wall, nucleic acid synthesis, and microtubule function. One major class of antifungal agents is the polyenes, with amphotericin B and nystatin being the most well-known. Polyenes bind to ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane, creating pores that lead to leakage ____ ______ _______ ___ _________.
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