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Colonialism in India was not merely a system of political domination and economic exploitation but also a project of cultural and linguistic transformation. Language became one of the most effective tools through which colonial authority was established, legitimized, and sustained. From the perspective of *Anuvad ki Rajniti* (Politics of Translation), the English language policy in colonial India reveals how translation, language selection, and educational reforms functioned as instruments of power, shaping knowledge, identity, and social hierarchies. Before British rule, India was characterized by multilingualism, with Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, and numerous regional languages serving different administrative, literary, and educational purposes. The East India Company initially adopted an Orientalist approach, supporting the study of classical Indian languages and encouraging the translation of legal and religious texts for administrative convenience. Institutions such as Fort William College became important centers for translating Indian texts into English _____ _____ ______ __________ __________ _________ _____.
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