निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेदों का हिंदी में अनुवाद कीजिएः

(A) The Constitution is not merely a lifeless book. It is a dynamic process. It deals with functioning institutions and it comes to have meaning only from how it is operated and by whom it is operated. The citizens are concerned with the Constitution as it affects their lives as it governs them. While a document is an inert lifeless thing the Constitution is a living dynamic reality. It is always developing. The Constitution of India was developing and taking shape even before independence and it continued to be made even after independence in 1947 or even after 26 January 1950. In the

Constitution of India there are eleven duties mentioned as Fundamental Duties of every citizen. The very first duty of every citizen is to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions. But, how many citizens of India, even among the educated, know, firstly that there is a separate part devoted to fundamental duties? We all know about fundamental rights and seek them all the time. But majority of us do not know that there are fundamental duties of citizens also. Secondly how many of us know the Constitution

¼B½ Retail sector in India is the one of the more prominent sectors contributing to over 10% of GDP besides being the second largest contributing to over 8% of employment generated in the country. Although the retail sector in India is highly fragmented into large, organized retailers and small medium retailers, it employs a vast workforce of more than 40 million people. According to a report by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), a cohesive National Retail Policy can help in generating more than 3 million jobs by the year 2024. Retail is a people-intensive industry that is greatly driven by the attitudes of customers; thus, most companies seek to develop skilled human resource as other resources can be replicated or standardized in today’s competitive market, ensuring that the demand for skilled manpower remains strong in the industry. Over the past decade, a steady growth in retail which is set to cross the $1.75 trillion mark by 2026 from $795 billion in 2017 and E-commerce which is set to be worth $200 billion by 2026 from $30 billion in 2019 at 30% other sectors has opened a huge gateway for employment opportunities for youth as consumption of retail goods and services is projected to increase in the years to come.

(C) The government has given itself a 90-day breather to implement transparency provisions under the Lokpal law and has set September 15 as the deadline for government servants to file their assets and liabilities declaration. Under the Lokpal law, all government servants irrespective of their rank will have to declare their assets and liabilities every year. The assets declarations for central government employees will be put in public domain.

Government sources said orders were issued for giving officials some more time since conduct rules for different services and ranks were yet to be finalized in the light of the suggestions received from various cadre controlling authorities. On its part, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) has laid down the process and finalized the ground rules to be followed by public servants in this regard. The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act 2013 had made it mandatory for every public servant to make the annual declaration and not just senior officials, as required under existing provisions.

Under rules notified by DoPT last week, the competent authority would have discretion to exempt public servants from declaring assets valued at less than four months’ basic salary or Rs. 2 lakhs. Government officials said the exemption clause had been incorporated so that the exercise to improve transparency did not end up harassing public servants. The DoPT also has adapted declaration forms for assets and liabilities filed by candidates in Lok Sabha and assembly elections to enlarge the scope of the forms.

‘The original version of the forms left room for officials to provide vague information or skip certain information. This would not be possible in the new formats,’ a government official said, pointing to provisions that require officials to declare the weight and value of jewellery owned by them, spouse and dependents. The practice of government officials declaring their assets – and information about their immovable assets being made public – is only a couple of years old.

(A) अनुवाद:

संविधान केवल एक निष्क्रिय पुस्तक नहीं है। यह एक गतिशील प्रक्रिया है। यह उन संस्थाओं के कार्य-प्रणाली से जुड़ा है और इसका अर्थ तभी निकलता है जब इसे कैसे और कौन संचालित करता है। नागरिक संविधान से इसलिए जुड़े हैं क्योंकि यह उनके जीवन को प्रभावित करता है और उन्हें शासित करता है। जबकि एक दस्तावेज एक निष्क्रिय वस्तु होता है, संविधान एक जीवंत और गतिशील सच्चाई है। यह निरंतर विकसित होता रहता है। भारत का संविधान स्वतंत्रता से पहले ही विकसित हो रहा था और स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति (1947) के बाद तथा 26 जनवरी 1950 के बाद भी इसका निर्माण जारी रहा।

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