दो समतल ध्रुवित लंबवत् प्रकाश तरंगों के अध्यारोपण के फलस्वरूप उत्पन्न दीर्घवृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश के लिए व्यंजक प्राप्त करें। सिद्ध करें कि समतल ध्रुवित प्रकाश तथा वृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश, दीर्घवृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश की विशेष स्थितियां हैं।
दो समतल ध्रुवित लंबवत् प्रकाश तरंगों के अध्यारोपण को मान लेते हैं। यदि (E_x = E_{0x} \cos(\omega t)) और (E_y = E_{0y} \cos(\omega t + \delta)) हों, जहाँ (E_{0x}) और (E_{0y}) आयाम हैं तथा (\delta) दो तरंगों के बीच चरण अंतर है, तो कुल विद्युत क्षेत्र (\vec{E}) होता है: [ \vec{E} = E_x \hat{i} + E_y \hat{j} __________ ____ ________ ____ ____ _______.
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Describe polarisation of light by reflection. How does degree of polarisation vary with angle of incidence of light?
Two energy levels of an atomic system are separated by energy corresponding to frequency . Assume that all atoms are in one or the other of these two energy levels, compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level at temperature
. Take
and
.
Obtain expressions for reflection and transmission amplitude coefficients when electric vector associated with a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave is in the plane of incidence.
A plane light wave of wavelength falls on a long narrow slit of width
. (i) Calculate the angles of diffraction for the first two minima. (ii) How are these angles influenced if the width of slit is changed to
? (iii) If a convex lens of focal length
is now placed after the slit, calculate the separation between the second minima on either side of the central maximum.
The refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.51 and 1.39, respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture and light gathering capacity of the fibre.
The sodium lamp used in a physics laboratory gives out light uniformly. Suppose that the lamp uses 40 W. Calculate the magnitude of electric field.
A plano-convex lens of radius is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is illuminated by an extended monochromatic source. Assume that the point of contact is perfect. The diameters of the
and
dark rings in the reflected light are
and
. Next, the space between the lens and the glass plate is filled with a liquid. The diameter of the
ring changes to
. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid when the ring is (i) dark, and (ii) bright, if the wavelength of light is
.