Explain the management of land and capital in farm resource management.

Explain the principle involved in farm machinery decision-making. Discuss the factors affecting the cost of machinery ownership and describe the criteria for deciding (i) what machines to own and (ii) what size of machine to purchase.

Explain the various criteria that should be considered while selecting primary processing machinery. 

Explain the concept of Hi-Tech Agriculture and discuss its major components. Describe the prerequisites required for establishing a hi-tech farm with special reference to protected structures, precision irrigation, automation and sensors

Describe the different levels of wastewater treatment processes and discuss the benefits of wastewater use in farming. Also, explain the risks and challenges associated with wastewater irrigation.

Define irrigation scheduling and discuss its importance and various methods.

 Define the scope and uses of farm power sources. Explain the different types and features of farm power sources.

Describe the stages involved in the development and implementation of a CDM project. Also discuss the benefits and challenges of CDM projects for developing countries.

Discuss the economics of biogas plants. How does plant size influence cost, savings, and payback period?

 Discuss the importance of biodiesel blending (B20). Explain its advantages and disadvantages with respect to engine performance and emissions.

Explain the industrial ethanol production process from various feedstocks. Also discuss the policy aspects of ethanol production in India, with reference to national biofuel initiatives.

 Discuss the site analysis and selection criteria, energy conversion routes, and the role of utility intertie and off-grid systems in wind power generation. Also, examine the major technical and commercial barriers affecting wind energy development.

Explain the basic principles of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic technologies and examine their applications in agriculture, food processing, and rural development.

Describe renewable and non-renewable energy sources used in agriculture. Highlight their advantages and limitations.

Explain certification and accreditation procedures in organic marketing. Discuss the role of inspection agencies and certification bodies.

Explain certification and accreditation procedures in organic marketing. Discuss the role of inspection agencies and certification bodies.

Explain the preparation and application of commonly used organic plant protection formulations such as Panchagavya, Jeevamruth, and botanical extracts.

 Discuss in detail the principles of crop rotation. How does crop rotation influence soil fertility, pest management, and socio-economic stability of farmers?

Describe land preparation practices in organic farming. Explain primary and secondary tillage, soil tilth, and the importance of buffer zones in organic certification.

 What is the conversion period in organic farming? Describe the conversion process, split production, and challenges faced during transition from conventional to organic farming.