An aliphatic carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol and the following equilibrium is established.

ROOH+RCH₂OH= ROOOCH₂R+H₂O

What is the number of constituents and the number of components in the system?

What are degrees of freedom? What is the maximum number of degrees of freedom possible for a one-component system?

Electrolytic cells

Standard hydrogen electrode

Transference number

Molar conductivity

Critical point

A component

Differentiate between true and metastable equilibrium.

(a) State Nernst distribution law and write the expression for distribution constan

Explain the process of steam distillation with the help of a suitable diagram

Draw and explainthe vapour pressure curve of a solution showing positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

Give the molecular structure of the following compounds:

(i) 2-Phenyl-1-octene

(ii) 2-Phenylbromoethane

(iii) 4-Bromotoluene

(iv) 1-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene

(v) Propylbenzene

Give mechanism of the following:

(i) Hydrohalogenation of an alkyne

(ii) Ozonolysis of an alkyne

Explain Markovnikoff’s rule giving suitable examples

Explain the structures of a momoene and a diene.

Give one example of each of the following:

(i) Halogenation of alkane

(ii) Nitration of alkane

(iii) Isomerisation of alkane

(iv) Aromatization of alkane

(v) Pyrolysis of alkane

With the help of two examples, compare the terms basicity and nucleophilicity.

Give reason for the following:

(i) Ethanoic acid is more acidic than ethanol.

(ii) Aniline is less basic than ammonia.

Write the possible conformations of butane. Arrange these conformations in the increasing order of their stability giving reasons.