Morphollaxis and epimrphosis

Holoblastic and meroblastic cleavage

Totipotency and pluripotency

Allometric and isometric growth

With the help of diagrams explain the steps of nuclear transplantation experiment in frog eggs.

Describe the three basic types of regeneration seen in animals. Give an example for each type.

Variants of endosperm

Abscission of leaves and fruits

Production of haploids by tissue culture

Morphological changes accompanying floral induction

Discuss the various applications of plant tissue and organ culture.

Make clear and labelled diagrams of the following:

i) Dimorphic tapetum

ii) Monosporic type of embryo sac development

iii) Types of apomixis

iv) Embryo sac with zygote and primary endosperm nucleus

v) Mature monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous embryos

vi) L.S. seed with operculum

With the help of labelled diagrams describe the following aspects of fertilization in angiosperms: pollen-stigma interaction, entry of pollen tube in the ovule, syngamy and triple fusion.

What new aspects of pollen biology have recently come to light with the use of the ultra-thin serial sectioning, isolation of live sperms and computer-aided 3-D reconstruction?

Make neat and labelled diagrams of the following:

i) Types of ovules

ii) Apomixis types

iii) Cross-section of fruit of Pyrus malus

iv) Storied and non-storied cambium

Heat-shock responses

Red drop

Phytochrome

Vernalization

What is stress? Describe different strategies acquired by plants to adapt to stress.