What is reverse osmosis? Discuss its applications. 

What are the unique features of size exclusion chromatography.

Discuss the important features of sephadex gels. 

Explain the separation of actinide elements using ion-exchange chromatography. 

Give a brief account of natural ion exchangers. 

List various advantages of HPLC. 

Discuss the authorizations required under the Plastic Waste Management rules. 

 Write van Deemter equation. Which conclusions of the rate theory help to improve the column efficiency? 

Briefly discuss the applications of TLC. 

Discuss the authorizations are required for consent to establish, consent to operate and renewal under the hazardous waste management rules.

Explain the significance of proximate and ultimate analysis of waste.  

What is Rf? What factors influence the Rf value in paper chromatography? 

What are the requirements of an ideal support material for liquid - liquid partition chromatography.

Using following data evaluate the quantity of solid waste generated rate per week for a city residential area consists of 5000 homes. Given data are collected from local transfer station and observation period was one week. Assume approximately 2 adults and 1 child per home (2.5 people per home)

Discuss the concept of theoretical plates

List the criteria for the choice of the organic phase is solvent extraction. 

What are masking agents? How does their presence affect the extraction. 

What are modifiers? Explain their use with the help of suitable examples. 

Describe important features of extraction using crown ethers. 

Explain distribution ratio. Discuss the distribution of benzoic acid between benzene and water.