What do you mean by waste minimization? Explain the significance of waste recycling.

Describe the techniques of biomass assessment.

Create a sample data of the marks of 20 students in five different subjects using MS-Excel. How can you use this data for programming in R? Write programs using R programming language to create four different plots using this data.

Explain the role of link analysis. Explain a page ranking algorithm with the help of an example. What is link spam? Explain the role of hubs and authorities for finding page rank.

What is a data stream? How is it different to relational data? List the issues and challenges of handling data streams. What is the role of bloom filter?

Explain the Jaccard similarity of sets with the help of an example. What are the ways of finding similarity between two documents? Also, define the term collaborative filtering.

What are NoSQL databases? How are they different from relational database management system? List the features of any four types of NoSQL databases.

What is Map-Reduce programming? Explain the map phase, shuffling and sorting and reduce phase with the help of an example of word counting problem.

Explain Big data and its characteristics. How is Big data different to relational data? Explain with the help of an example. Define the characteristics of HDFS. Explain purpose of name node, data node and job tracker in this context.

A class has 25 students. Create a data set of marks of the students in Mathematics out of a maximum of 50 marks. Make the histogram and box plot for this data. Can you draw scatter plots using this data? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Explain the following with the help of an example in the context of statistics and Probability: Conditional Probability, Bayes Theorem, Normal distribution, Central limit theorem and Statistical Hypothesis.

What is data science? What are its applications? Define the terms Descriptive, Exploratory and Predictive in the context of data analysis. What is the difference between Causal inference and prediction?

Give a brief account on EIA laws and guidelines.

What are the objectives and types of energy audit? Explain in detail.

When can the public be involved in the EIA? What is the importance of public consultation during the EIA?

Explain in detail about Cost Benefit Analysis?

What is the Strategic Environmental Assessment? Explain its process.

Describe the Environmental Auditing process

Explain the basic principles of EIA?

Explain the features of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.