Explain Big data and its characteristics. How is Big data different to relational data? Explain with the help of an example. Define the characteristics of HDFS. Explain purpose of name node, data node and job tracker in this context.

Big Data and Its Characteristics:

Big data refers to the vast and complex datasets that are beyond the ability of traditional data processing applications to handle efficiently. It encompasses the three Vs: volume, velocity, and variety. These characteristics make big data distinct from traditional datasets and require specialized tools and techniques for storage, processing, and analysis.

1. Volume: Big data involves large volumes of data. This could be in the order of terabytes, petabytes, or even more. The sheer size of the data sets makes it challenging to store and process using traditional methods.

2. Velocity: Big data is generated and collected at high speeds from various sources, including sensors, social media, online transactions, and more. This high-velocity data requires real-time or near-real-time processing to derive meaningful insights.

3. Variety: Big data comes in various formats and types, such as structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. It includes text, images, videos, sensor data, and more. Dealing with this variety demands flexible processing and storage methods.

4. Variability: Data flows can be highly inconsistent with periodic peaks. This requires systems to handle varying workloads effectively.

5. Veracity: Big data is often of uncertain quality due to issues like inaccuracies, ________ ________ ___ _____ ______ ___ _____ ____ _____ __________ _____ ____.
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