निम्नलिखित के कुल का नाम बताइए जिनमें ये संरचनाएं पाई जाती हैं :

i) हाइपैन्थोोडियम

ii) चतुदीर्घी पुमंग

iii) संवलित पुमंग (कान्वल्यूटिड)

iv) मुण्डक पुष्पक्रम

v) अंतः वृंतीय अनुपर्ण

vi) कल्म

vii) दलाभिमुख – द्विवर्तपुंकेसरी

viii) उत्क्षेपक

ix) जायांगनाभिक वर्तिका

x) कूटतना

निम्नलिखित के स्पष्ट तथा अंकित चित्र बनाइए :

i) पाइनस की सुई की अनुप्रस्थ काट

ii) साइकस की प्रवाल मूल की अनुप्रस्थ काट शैवाल खंड के दीर्घीकृत भाग के साथ।

iii) ज़िया के तने की अनुप्रस्थ काट संवहन बण्डल से गुजरकर Y- आकार के जाइलम को दर्शाते हुए।

iv) प्याज के शल्क कंद की अनुदैर्घ्य काट

निम्नलिखित तकनीकी शब्दों की परिभाषा लिखिए तथा उन कुलों के नाम लिखिए जिनमें ये संरचनाएं पाई जाती हैं :

i) डाइएडेल्फस पुंकेसर

ii) पर्णाभ वृंत

iii) कूटचक्रक पुष्पक्रम

iv) स्त्रीपूर्वी पुष्प

v) पुंवर्तिकाग्रछत्र

निम्नलिखित के वानस्पतिक नाम बताइए :

i) चना

ii) अखरोट

iii) खीरा

iv) छोटी इलायची

v) अरगॉट

vi) बेलाडोना

vii) शीशम

viii) रबड़

ix) दालचीनी

x) केसर

The refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.51 and 1.39, respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture and light gathering capacity of the fibre.

Two energy levels of an atomic system are separated by energy corresponding to frequency 3.0 × 10¹⁴ Hz. Assume that all atoms are in one or the other of these two energy levels, compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level at temperature 400 K. Take k_B = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ JK⁻¹ and h = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ Js.

An atomic system consisting of two energy levels, with population of higher energy level less than that of the lower level, is in thermal equilibrium. Show that the absorption of radiation dominates stimulated emission if radiation of appropriate frequency is introduced into the system. Comment on the consequences of this fact for laser action.

Discuss Rayleigh's criterion for resolving power of an optical instrument. Obtain an expression for resolving power of a microscope.

A plane light wave of wavelength 580 nm falls on a long narrow slit of width 0.5 mm. (i) Calculate the angles of diffraction for the first two minima. (ii) How are these angles influenced if the width of slit is changed to 0.2 mm? (iii) If a convex lens of focal length 0.15 m is now placed after the slit, calculate the separation between the second minima on either side of the central maximum.

A plano-convex lens of radius 1.0 m is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is illuminated by an extended monochromatic source. Assume that the point of contact is perfect. The diameters of the  and  dark rings in the reflected light are  and . Next, the space between the lens and the glass plate is filled with a liquid. The diameter of the  ring changes to . Calculate the refractive index of the liquid when the ring is (i) dark, and (ii) bright, if the wavelength of light is .

Obtain the expression for shift in fringes when a thin transparent sheet is introduced in the path of one of the waves in a double slit interference experiment.

Obtain an expression for elliptically polarised light resulting due to superposition of two orthogonal linearly polarised light waves. Show that plane polarised light and circularly polarised light are special cases of elliptically polarised light.

Obtain expressions for reflection and transmission amplitude coefficients when electric vector associated with a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave which is in the plane of incidence.

Depict spatial evolution of Fresnel diffraction pattern.

Discuss the concept of missing orders with reference to double slit diffraction pattern.

Describe polarisation of light by reflection. How does degree of polarisation vary with angle of incidence of light?

The sodium lamp used in a physics laboratory gives out light uniformly. Suppose that the lamp uses 40 W. Calculate the magnitude of electric field.

Compare the WAP architecture with OSI model. 

Describe the typical system configuration required for accessing the Internet via a service provider. 

Compare the four types of network topologies on the basis of their configuration, reliability, cost and ruggedness.