Explain the relationship between the concepts of ‘zone of proximal developemnt’ and ‘scafolding’.
See Answer →What is the role of peers and media in development of a child in middle childhood years?
See Answer →How would you explain to a group of parents the importance of early years highlighting the major principles of development?
See Answer →Explain the use of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences in early years education.
See Answer →What are the benefits of mother tongue-based multilingual education?
See Answer →You have to prepare a project on conservation tasks keeping an 8-year-old child in mind. Discuss activities for any 3 conservation tasks that you would you plan for this project using the material available at home.
See Answer →What do you understand by the term ‘attachment’? Describe the development of attachment during infancy with examples. Delineate behaviours of caregivers that help in attracting the infant’s attention and serve to maintain social interaction.
See Answer →What characteristics can be observed in the language development of a child between 3-6 years of age? How can the caregiver enhance the language abilities of the child during preschool years?
See Answer →Generate the population in the next iteration by using Roulette-Wheel criterion:
| k | Fk |
| 1 | 3.5 |
| 2 | 4.6 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 2.8 |
| 5 | 1.8 |
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Consider a dataset of five observations given in the following table, each of which has two features f and f 2:
Assume the number of cluster c = 3 and the real number m = 2 . Also, assume the initial cluster centers as V )1,1( 1 = and V )2,2( 2 = . Apply fuzzy c-mean algorithm to find the modified cluster center after one iteration.
See Answer →Approximate the function )x(f =1+ cosπx for −1≤ x ≤ ,1 by solving 1− 2 −1network, using Back propagation algorithm. The weighted structure and initial input are as follows: (10) Weighted structures are:
The initial input is 1.
Draw the architecture of the model. Perform one iteration.
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Out of three genetic operators viz. selection, cross-over and mutation, list and justify which operator or combination there of will be required for the following: (3)
i) To fill the population with copies of the best individual from the population.
ii) For the convergence of an algorithm to good but sub-optimal solution.
Implement AND function using McCulloch-Pitts neuron.
See Answer →Let A and B be two Fuzzy sets as given below:
Determine the following:
i) Universe of discourse for Set A and Set B.
ii) Complements of Set A and Set B
iii) A ∩B
iv) A∪B
Consider the following table for the connections between input neurons and the hidden layer neurons:
The connection weights from the hidden layer neurons to the output neurons are
− ,6.0 − 3.0 and − ,6.0 for the first, second and third neurons, respectively.
Corresponding threshold value for the output layer is 0.5 and for the hidden layer is 1.8, 0.005 and 0.2 for the first, second and third neurons, respectively.
i) Draw the diagram of the network.
ii) Write the output at each node.
c) Using diagram, show the difference between feed-forward neural network and
recurrent neural network.
Determine the α − cut of the fuzzy set (A) are given below, at 0.7 and 0.2.
Also, compare the α − cut of the two outcomes, and give comments for status of α − value variation.
See Answer →Consider the two parents which are participating in partially mapped cross over as shown below:
Parent 1: C D | E A B |I H G F
Parent 2: A B | C D E |F G H I
Using partially mapped crossover assuming 2nd and 6th as the cross over sites, find the children solution.
See Answer → Computer the output for the neurons in the kohonen networks, the related data is given below:
i) Input to Kohnen neural network:
Input Neuron-1` (I1) =0.5
Input Neuron-2 (I2) =0.75
ii) Connected weights between the neurons are as given below:
I O 1.0:
1 → 1
I O 2.0:
2 → 2
I O 3.0:
1 → 2
I O 4.0
A single layer neural network is to have six inputs and three outputs. The outputs are continuous over the range 0 to 1. Now answer the following:
i) How many neurons are required?
ii) What are the dimensions of the weight matrix?
iii) What kind of transfer function could be used?
iv) Is a bias required? Give reasons.
Verify whether the Genetic Algorithm (GA) improves the solution from one generation to the next generation, for the function given below:
Maximize:
f(x) =
Subject to:
1≤ x ≤16
Assume that chromosomes of length 6 are created at random and modified by Roulette-Wheel selection.
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