List the requirements for the ideal support material used in liquid-liquid chromatography.

Explain the terms “retention time and retention factor”

Brief explain important aspects of super critical fluid chromatography.

List different criteria used for the choice of organic phase used in extraction/separation of metal ions.

What conclusions can be arrived at from D in the extractions of metal chelates?

Give a brief account of carboxylic and sulphonic acids used in extraction by compound formation.

What is distribution ratio? Discuss the distribution of benzoic acid between benzene and water.

Discuss how various separation methods can be classified on the basis of equilibrium processes.

Briefly explain different forms of distillation.

Briefly discuss the principle of the working of a flame photometer. Which are the other atomizers that have been proposed beside the flame and spectrographs for atomization.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using organic precipitants?

Give the differences between coprecipitation and postprecipitation?

How does the absorption indicators work for the Fajan’s method of precipitation titration.

What are the criteria for solvent selection during redox titrations in nonaqueous solvents.

What is the role of solvents in acid base reactions?

What is the modern quinoid theory. Give the structures of and the colour changes of methyl orange and phenolphthalein based on this theory.

With a suitable example illustrate the titration of a weak base versus strong acid.

What is meant by buffer capacity of a solution.

Calculate the  of CO3. (Kw = 1.0 × 10-14; K1 = 6.20 × 10-7 and K2 = 2.8 × 10-11 for H2CO3).

Urea of concentration 0.25 mM was hydrolysed using urease of concentration of 10.0 micro mol. Using the values  and Michaelis constant for urease 2.0mM calculate the initial rate of the reaction.