Define Kohonen networks with examples.

Consider a dataset of six points given in the following table, each of which has two features f₁ and f₂ . Assuming the values of the parameters c and m as 2 and the initial cluster centers v₁ = (5,5 ) and v₂ (10 ,10, ) , apply FCm algorithm to find the new cluster center after one iteration.

Apply the “very” hedge on the fuzzy sets defined in Q. 1(b) to get the new modified fuzzy sets. Show the modified fuzzy sets through numeration.

Construct the α − cut at α = 4.0 for the fuzzy sets defined in Q. 1(b).

Write the types of Neural Memory Models. Also, give one example of each.

Define Error Correction Learning with examples.

Let A and B are two fuzzy sets and x Î U, if mA (x) = 0.4 and mb (x) = 0.8 then find out the following membership values:

i) mAÈB (x),                   ii) mAÇB (x),          iii) mAÈB (x),

iv) mAÇB (x),                 v) mAÈB (x),           vi) mAÇB (x),

Consider a subset of natural numbers from 1 to 30, as the universe of discourse, U.Define the fuzzy sets “small” and “medium” by enumeration. 

1. List the elements of the following sets described by rule method: 

1. A ={n Î N : n is odd prime less than 200}
2. B = {x ÎR : x ² - 9x +18 = 0}
3. C ={max{a, b}: a, b are twin primes £ 200}

What is biodegradation? Explain the process of degradation of organic compounds.

Describe phytoremediation techniques for environmental cleaning. Explain advantages and limitations of each technique.

What is bioremediation? Explain various methods of in-situ bioremediation.

What are bio-fertilizers? Classify biofertilizers based on their types and application.

Describe the aerobic and anaerobic treatment technologies for waste water treatment.

What is solid waste? Describe the role of environmental biotechnology in solid waste management.

What is bio-energy? Give an overview of bio-energy technologies.

What is environmental Biotechnology? Give its application and scope in the filed of Environmental Science.

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