Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice.

(i) I have clarified my stand long back.

(ii) The terrorists are killing innocent people.

(iii) The invigilator did not allow the candidates to leave the examination hall early.

(iv) The vice chairman is going to preside over the meeting.

(v) Ten foreign delegates attended the conference.

Frame question to which the following may be answers.

(i) My father was a CA.

(ii) The company made a profit of 20 crores in the last year.

iii) I am going to Lucknow in the summer holidays. (Begin with' Were

(iv) He took twenty days' leave last year. (Begin with' How

(v) No, I have never been abroad.

You are the project manager of a company which wants to establish a retail outlet in a metro city. Write the draft of an e-mail to be sent to your subordinates inviting their suggestions on four specific points.

Write an email to the Finance Officer in PQR Company stating that there is a mismatch in prices and goods in purchase order and invoice. Seek clarification on what to do next.

Your grandfather is flying in from Sharjah this afternoon and you need to leave early to pick him up from the airport. Ask permission from your boss.

 A friend says to you 'You look so tired". Give reasons to your friend.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Background information: Concept of Business Communication

If the communication is related to the business activities, it is called Business communication, i.e. when two or more parties communicate in relation to the business affairs, it is termed as the business communication. The concept of business communication is not just a message or a conversation, instead its connotations extend beyond it and covers many aspects. It is a complex thing and in simple words it is the lifeline of an organization. In fact, it covers almost everything in the workplace, communication among individuals and teams, planning of any activity, implementation of the strategy and reporting of the success. Unlike personal communication, business communication always has an end goal.

Business communication can be defined "as a process in which business-related ideas, plans, strategies, messages, etc. are exchanged among different stake holders, namely manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, buyers and government agencies, etc." Effective and speedy business communication is imperative for the success of an enterprise. Thus "any exchange of information concerning business between two or more stakeholders is business communication".

In this age of globalization and fierce competition, business communication regarding thenew products plays an important role in influencing and capturing the markets and attracting the customers. For example, if a company launches a new model of its car, it will have to adopt multi- pronged strategy to popularise its model. Each strategy will be based on extensive use of different modes of business communication. It will use visual media, such as TV for advertising it. At the same time, it will use social media, such as YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. to bring it to the notice of the consumers. On the other hand, it can send e-mails, SMS, etc. to the potential customers.

In recent times, space research is emerging a new field of not only enterprise but also of business. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is also playing a leading role in this field by launching satellites of a number of countries on commercial basis for different purposes, such as climate monitoring, communication, etc. The effective communication network is absolutely necessary in this endeavour for monitoring different stages of the launching rocket. Recently, American space research agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a space craft Perseverance for exploring the surface of Mars. From these examples, you can imagine the importance of communication. The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low It is a collaborative project of USA, Russia, Japan, European Union and Canada. Astronauts visit ISS and stay there for doing research. They are in constant touch with their space research organizations on Earth.

Answer the following questions:

i. Explain the concept of Business Communication.

ii. Define business communication.

iii. "Communication" is the lifeline of a business organization". Elaborate.

iv. Write antonyms for Imperative & Endeavour

A study was conducted on 185 patients aged more than 45 years which are followed until the time of death or up to 10 years, whichever comes first. The patients have different covariates: age, gender (male/female), systolic blood pressure, smoking (yes/no), total serum cholesterol and diabetes (yes/no). The objective of this study is to determine which covariate influences the survival time. An analysis is conducted to investigate differences in all-cause mortality between men and women participating in the study. Suppose we obtain the following results after applying the Cox regression hazard model analyses:

(i) Obtain hazard ratio and interpret the results.

(ii) Find the 99% confidence interval for the hazard ratio.

(iii) Test whether the covariates are significant or not at 1% level of significance.

Describe censoring and differentiate between different types of censoring with the help of examples which are not considered in Block 4 of MSTE-004.

The following data on diagnosis of coronary heart disease (where 0 indicating absence and 1 indicating presence), serum cholesterol (in mg/dl), resting blood pressure (in mmHg) and weight (in kg) were obtained for 80 patients to explore the relationship of coronary heart disease with cholesterol and weight.

(i) Fit a multiple logistic model for the dependence of coronary heart disease on the average serum cholesterol and weight considering

 as the initial values of the parameters (solve only for one Iteration).

(ii) Test the significance of the fitted model using Hosmer-Lemeshow test at 5% level of significance.

Kaplan and Meier method

Poisson regression

Polytomous logistic models

Suppose a researcher wants to evaluate the effect of cholesterol on the blood pressure. The following data on serum cholesterol (in mg/dL) and systolic blood pressure (in mm/Hg) were obtained for 15 patients to explore the relationship between cholesterol and blood pressure:

(i) Fit a linear regression model using the method of least squares.

(ii) Construct the normal probability plot for the data on serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. (iii) Test the significance of the fitted regression model.

Explain the assumptions underlying multiple linear regression model.

A random sample of 250 patients was selected and their workout timing and diabetes status were recorded. The following table shows the workout timing and severity of diabetes:

Test at 5% level of significance whether workout habit and diabetes are associated with to each other or not.

Differentiate between Chi-square tests for association and homogeneity of proportions. Also mention the assumptions of these tests.

State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reason in support of your answer:

(a) The value of sensitivity of the following results of a diagnostic test is 0.85

(b) For the following cohort study, the relative risk for the lung cancer among smokers is 3.5.

(c) The logit link function is loglog  .

(d) We define three indicator/dummy variables for a regressor variable with three categories.

(e) Left censoring occurs whenever the exact time of occurrence of an event is not known.

Seven successive observations on a stationary time-series are as follows:

12, 14, 13, 10, 15, 12, 15

(a) Calculate auto-covariances C₀, C₁, C₂, C₃ and C₄.

(b) Calculate auto-correlation coefficients r₁, r₂, r₃ and r₄.

(c) Plot the correlogram.

The following table represents the sales (in thousands) of mobile sets of a shop for 16 quarters over four years:

(a) Compute the seasonal indices for four quarters by Simple average method. (b) Obtain deseasonlised values.

A researcher is interested in developing a linear model for the electricity consumption of a household having an AC (1.5 ton) so that she can predict the electricity consumption. For this purpose, she selects 25 houses and records the electricity consumption (in kWh), size of house (in square feet) and AC hours for one month during summers. The results obtained are:

SS(B₀) = 12526.08, SS(B₀,B₁) = 17908.47, SS(B₀,B₂) = 17125.23, SS(B₀, B₁, B₂) = 18079.0,

Build a regression model by selecting appropriate regressors in the model using the Stepwise Selection method.