Genetic drift

Chromosome mapping

List three groups of adaptations that explain how each contributed to the success of vertebrates.

Heterozygous

What do you understand by sexual selection? Illustrate your answer with a suitable example.

rectal glands in sharks

hypoosmotic regulator

Industrial melanism is an excellent model to demonstrate the natural selection in action. Analyze the above statement critically.

euryhaline

What are transposable genetic elements? How they can cause mutations?

stenohaline

Define mutation. Explain the following types of mutations briefly:

a) Induced mutations

b) Suppressor mutations

Describe the common morphological features of hagfishes and lampreys. How do they differ from each other?

Which among the following statements are correct?

i) Mitochondria contain 80 S ribosomes.

ii) The mRNA encoded by nuclear genes for the smaller subunit of RuBisCo is translated in the chloroplast.

iii) The inheritance of chloroplast genome is independent of nuclear genome.

List the various classes of phylum Echinodermata giving one example for each class.

What is torsion? Briefly discuss the process of torsion in gastropods.

What is a diplosegment? List the characters of class Diplopoda.

In the following statements, choose the alternate correct word given in parenthesis.

(i) The DNA regions in chloroplast could be observed under (light microscope/electron microscope).

ii) The regions containing cpDNA are called (nucleoids/celluloids).

iii) Each nucleoid contains (a single/a few) copies of DNA.

iv) The cpDNA and surDNA are usually (circular/linear) in nature.

v) Both chloroplast and mitochondria contain (a few/many) copies of DNA.

vi) The DNA of yeast is (bigger/smaller) than w/DNA of humans.

vii) The occurrence of introns is discovered in (yeast/human).

Briefly describe the organisation of Malacostraca. Give a few examples of decapod malacostracans.

Describe the characteristic features of Cnidarians.