Write an account on the history of Ecology.

The hydrogen atoms attached to a double bond are deshielded while in case of alkynes the protons are shielded. Explain. 

Draw and explain the NMR spectrum of CH₃CHO. 

Answer the following:

(i) What is the role of littron mirror in IR spectrometer?

(ii) Why glass cell cannot be used for IR spectroscopy?

(iii) What are the basic requirements of any container which holds the sample?

(iv) What is the role of Water jacket in Raman Spectrometer?

(v) What is the role of Golay cell in IR spectrometer

The aqueous solution of NiSO, which is pale green turns deep blue on addition of ethylenediamine

Give reason for the following:

(a) Mercury (II) iodide is brick red in colour.

How does solvent polarity affect ?- ?* and  ?- ?*  transitions? Explain. 

Derive the term symbol for the ground state of LiH.

Give the selection rules and the schematic diagram of the vibration-rotation Raman (5) spectrum of a diatomic gas.

Discuss the pure rotational spectrum of CO₂ using the suitable diagram

Match the following ions with their correct pK_a values and give reasons for your answer

Which functional groups are expected to absorb in the 2000-1500 cm^-1 region of IR spectrum? Explain.

Draw and explain the normal modes of vibration of water molecule.

What is anharmonicity? Draw a diagram for the variation of potential energy with  intermolecular distance for an anharmonic and harmonic oscillator

The transition from J-0 to J'=1 for HCI takes place at v 21.18 cm^-1. Calculate  the bond length for ¹H³⁵Cl.

Derive the expression

What is aci form of nitroethane? Discuss. 

Write the symmetry elements and the point groups of the following:

(i) Water (ii) Ammonia (iii) Benzene

Why do nitro compounds dissolve in sodium hydroxide? 

Discuss various methods of reduction of esters giving the products formed.