Explain how social media algorithms shape users' exposure to political ideologies and echo chambers. What ethical considerations should companies like Facebook and Twitter take into account when designing algorithms to balance freedom of expression with societal harmony?

Assess the impact of online platforms like GitHub and Google Docs on collaborative work environments in industries such as software development and academic research. What are the advantages and challenges of digital collaboration, and how can organisations optimise these tools for efficient teamwork?

Explore the role of memes and viral trends in shaping contemporary popular culture. How do platforms like YouTube and X (formarly Twitter) facilitate the rapid dissemination of cultural phenomena, and what are the implications for cultural diversity and expression?

Enumerate the impact of the network society on the accessibility of information in developing countries compared to developed nations. How does the structure of the network society contribute to digital inequalities, and what strategies could be implemented to mitigate these disparities?

Discuss how the mediatisation of everyday life through social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook influences individuals' self-perception and social interactions. With relevant examples, explain how mediatisation shapes social norms and behaviours.

Describe the synthesis and function of miRNA

Explain how SOS response help DNA in repairing the damage caused by external agents.

Differentiate between negative and positive gene regulation.

What is antibiotic? Give the details of antibiotics used in medicine.

Write a detailed note on eukaryotic translation.

What is genetic code? Explain Khorana experimental contributions in understanding genetic code. Give the salient features of genetic code.

Illustrate the structure of transfer RNA and its functions.

Elaborate homing and retrohoming mechanisms.

Define denaturation of DNA and explain the effect of temperature and pH on DNA.

Differentiate between alternative and trans splicing.

Describe and draw the structure and biological functions of Vitamins A, C, B12 and B1.

Define mRNA splicing. Describe spliceosome mediated splicing.

Briefly explain classification of eicosanoids and their importance.

Explain the mechanism of mRNA capping and its biological significance.

Describe the composition and role of biological membranes.