Creatinine excretion isa parameter of kidney function. Generally speaking, lower values indicate better health. This depends on body weight. A researcher conducted a study on creatinine excretion in test group and control group to find the efficacy of a new drug. The subjects were randomly divided. He included 100 subjects in each group but for this exercise consider only 10 subjects in each group. The data obtained on creatinine level in these 10 subjects are as follows:

Do you think that creatinine excretion was really lower in the test group on average?

Explain design and analysis of data of case control study in detail.

Obtain sample size for the following given information:

0.04,0.72,0.84,0.010.25

If D+ and D ̶ denote presence and absence, respectively, of a disease and T+ and T ̶ denote test result as positive and negative, respectively, then on the basis of the following information:

Find: (i) sensitivity (ii) specificity (iii) positive and negative predictive values.

In a parallel-line assay, total 18 guinea pigs, 4 guinea pigs each from 3 different breeds were selected and classified into 4 groups for each breed. Two groups were administered with two doses of the standard preparation and remaining two groups with two doses of the test preparation. The responses of these doses are recorded in the following table:

ular form:

(i) Determine the dose-response regression models for both preparations.

(ii) Test whether the dose-response curves of both preparations are linear and parallel to each other or not.

(iii) Interpret whether the relative potency and its confidence interval can be computed or not.

The data on population and number of deaths for different age groups of Districts A and B in the year 2001 were collected in the following table:

same data in tabular form:

Calculate standardised death rate by direct method, taking population of District A as the standard population. 

Differentiate between complete and abridged life tables.

LD50 and ED50

Types of bioassays

Various sources of demographic data in India

State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reason in support of your answer:

(a) Suppose A is the exposure and B is a confounding factor for outcome C, then there will be a path from A to C via B.

(b) Doing exercise may also be a regimen.

(c) In clinical trials, a control only may be: treatment or no treatment.

(d) In Greville’s method, the central death rate is more in the life table than the population.

(e) In a slope ratio assay, both regression lines have common slope.

What do you understand by file organisation? Explain the methods of file organisation.

Explain the meaning of the terms garbage collection, fragmentation, relocation and compaction.

Write a function that evaluates an expression in RPN that is given as a string.

Define a structure of type hms containing three integer members, called hour, minute and second, respectively. Then define a union containing two members, each a structure of type hms. Call the union members local and home, respectively. Declare a pointer variable called time that points to this union.

Write the inorder, preorder and postorder traversals of the following binary search tree.

zWrite a C program which reads a line of text from keyboard, and writes the line to a file with lower case letters converted to upper case and vice-versa.

Explain, with an example, the use of the keywords break and continue.

Given an integer n, what does the following function compute?

int function(int n)

{

int i;

for(i = 0; n != 0; n %=10, i++)

return i;

}

What do you understand by a nested structure? Explain with an example. Also, explain how would you access the members of a structure or a nested structure using pointers?