What are various principles of management? How are modern organisations different from typical classical organisations, in terms of practices of various principles of management?

Calculate the wavelength of the photon required to break the Cooper pair in a superconductor with a transition temperature of 1.3 K.

The transition temperature for an isotope of Mercury (Hg) with a mass of 199u is 4.185K. Calculate the transition temperature for an isotope of Hg with mass number 202u. Take the value of the exponent a to be 0.5.

Calculate the super-electron density for Sn which has a London penetration depth of 34 nm.

The critical field for Niobium (Nb) is 10⁵ Am^-1 at 8 K and 2×10⁵ Am^-1at 0 K. Calculate the transition temperature.

Describe the different types of exchange interactions that can give rise to spontaneous magnetic order.

Derive the magnetization and susceptibility for the free spin (J=S=1/2). You may use the relation:  

What is the piezoelectric effect? Describe the piezoelectric effect in barium titanate.

Calculate the total voltage difference (the built-in potential) between the n-type and p-type part for a uniformly doped Silicon p-n junction with N_d = N_a = 10²³ m^-3 at room temperature. The intrinsic carrier density is 1.45 x 10¹⁴ m^-3. Will the built-in voltage increase or decrease with an increase in temperature?

Calculate the temperature at which the number of electrons in the conduction band of a semiconductor is four times the number at room temperature. Take the band gap energy to be 1.2 eV with E_c - E_F ≈ E_G.

Consider an electron in a bcc lattice with lattice constant b. Show that a wave function of the form:

satisfies the Bloch theorem.

For the energy dispersion relation:

calculate the inverse mass tensor and the group velocity given m₁ = 3m₂.

For a free electron gas in two dimensions, derive the relation between the number density of electrons and the Fermi wave vector.

Metallic sodium is monovalent and crystallizes in a bcc structure with a lattice constant of 4.25 A. Calculate the number density of conduction electrons and the Fermi energy at 0 K.

Debye temperature for diamond is 2230 K. Calculate the frequency of highest possible lattice vibration in diamond and its molar heat capacity at 20 K

If the potential energy function is expressed as  calculate the inter-molecular distance at which the potential energy is a minimum. Show that in the stable configuration the energy of attraction is eight times the energy of repulsion.

At what angle will a diffracted beam emerge from the (110) planes of a cubic crystal of unit cell length 0.6 nm? Assume diffraction occurs in the first order and that the X-ray wavelength is 0.154 nm ?

Show that the volume of the primitive cell in the reciprocal lattice space is inversely proportional to the volume of the primitive cell in the direct lattice.

A metallic element has a density of 7.15 g cm^-3, a lattice constant of 2.880 A and an atomic weight of 51.9961. Calculate the number of atoms per unit cell of this element and predict its lattice crystal structure.

Consider the scattering of a particle of mass m by the following potential   Assuming that the scattering is mainly due to s-waves (1-0), calculate the s-wave phase shift.