Discuss the conceptual and methodological development, changing paradigms and
Humanistic Geography.

 Discuss spatial theories in detail.

Explain Empiricism and Scientific Empiricism.

. Discuss the development of geography in early 1950s. Do a critical analysis of the
scientific explanations in geography.

 Write Short notes on the following. Each question carries 5 marks.
a) Power relations and space
b) Class and Identity
c) Development potential of religious and cultural diversity
d) Spatial Mobility
e)Right to the City
f) Sustainable Development Goals

Write a note on the concept and evolution of social indicators.

 Explain power and space.

 Explain the spatial dimension of identity: conflicts, contestation and representation.

. Critically discuss the concepts of caste and class. Explain regional specificity and panIndian unity.

. Explain quantitative methods in social geography.

Explain the key concepts in social geography: scale, territory, territorial space and
social space, the body, locale, neighbourhood, and nation.

 Discuss various approaches to social geography.

You can write this report based either on review of literature, or data collected from the primary
sources.
For review of literature you are to select either two books or four research articles published recently
on the selected topic of your choice. Write a review article focusing on the location of the study,
methodology followed and the main findings of these studies.
For the primary source you are to collect two case studies and write a report on the selected topic in a
comparative framework. While writing the report spell out clearly the objectives and the problems of
the study and
 problematise the issue within the existing/available literature,
 elaborate your observations, finding and conclusion coherently, and
 make proper referencing at the end.
 * Note: Submit the research report to your Study Centre for evaluation.

Sociological significance of pilgrimages and festivals. 

Impact of education on social mobility in India. 

 Use of artificial intelligence in social science research.

Discuss the relevance of field work research in sociology. 

Critically examine the scope of survey method in social science research.

 What is positivism? Discuss Giddens’s critique of positivism. 

 Explain the nature and scope of quantitative methods of data analysis in
sociological research.