. Describe how a waste audit helps in planning a health care waste management system.

 Write a short note on the recent developments in the area of finding minimum cost spanning trees.

We can test whether a node 'm' is a proper ancestor of a node 'n' by testing whether' m' precedes 'n' in X-order but follows'n' in Y-order, where X and Y are chosen from (pre, post, in). Determine all those pairs X and Y for which this statement holds.

For each of the Singly Linked List, Circularly Singly Linked List, Doubly Linked List, Circularly Doubly Linked List, write one application that is exclusively suitable for that list. For example, X may be an application for whose implementation, only Circularly Singly Linked List is suitable and others are not suitable. Justify your answer.

 Write an algorithm and a program in ‘C’ language to insert and delete edges  in an adjacency list representation of an undirected graph. Make assumptions, if necessary.

Write an algorithm and program in ‘C’ language to merge two sorted  linked lists. The resultant linked list should be sorted.

Administration of ISBN in India.

The main provisions of the 'Charter for the preservation of Digital Heritage'

Copyright and related rights.

 Qualities needed in a book publisher.

Why is it important for a publisher and author to enter into a 'publisher's contract'? Briefly discuss the aspects usually covered by a 'publisher's contract'.

 What is meant by 'infringement of copyright'? What are the civil remedies available in India, for infringement of copyright as per the Copyright Act 1957?

 Discuss the tasks carried out by the Promotion and Sales Department of a publishing house. What are the various methods of book promotion usually adopted by publishers?

Briefly describe the typical structure of a publishing house. What is the main responsibility of the editorial department in the publishing house?

Colonialism as mode of production

 Industrial capitalism in France (1848-1870)

 Laissez Faire doctrine

 Religious divide and Concordat

 The Jacobin Republic and Terrorг (1792-94)

Elaborate the main features of politics and economy of France and Britain in the post- world war I period.