Discuss the important features of extraction by compound formation using carboxylic and sulphonic acids.

How can electromigration be used as a property for separation? Give various techniques based on it.

How can electromigration be used as a property for separation? Give various techniques based on it.

 The important spectral details of an organic molecule having a molecular formula C4H8O are as follows:

What are isotopic peaks? Discuss the importance of isotopic peaks in mass spectrometry.

 Explain different relaxation mechanisms by which these operate to maintain population difference in nuclear spin states in NMR.

Draw a schematic layout of different components of an ICP-AES spectrometer and briefly state the role of each component.

List the characteristics of an ideal atomization-excitation source.

The choice of proper reagents and techniques of decomposition and dissolution of the sample is a critical step for the success of AAS determination. Explain the preparing sample for AAS using microwave digestion system.

 Enlist different pathways for atomic fluorescence emission and explain Stokes direct line fluorescence method.

Discuss the merits and demerits of Flame photometric method.

Discuss the fate of a sample introduced in the flame.

 Discuss different factors affecting fluorescence.

 Discuss different factors affecting fluorescence.

Discuss different modes of relaxation for an electronically excited molecule using the Jablonski diagram. 

Explain the origin of Rayleigh and Raman lines with the help of an energy level diagram.

Explain the origin of Rayleigh and Raman lines with the help of an energy level diagram.

Calculate the number of vibrational modes for a molecule of methane.

Describe is KBr pelleting method for handling solid samples in IR spectroscopy.

What is the role of a detector in a spectrophotometer? Explain the principle of photomultiplier tube as a detector.