Explain the Avrami and Johnson-Mehl models of computing phase transformation rates based on their assumptions and growth mechanisms.

What are eutectic phase diagrams? With the help of a schematic diagram for a binary system explain the significance of eutectic point and liquidus, solidus & solvus curves.

Based on the diffusion mechanisms involved explain why carbon atom diffusion is faster than nickel atom diffusion in iron lattice.

What is dislocation defect? Discuss its role in the crystal growth.

Calculate the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in a copper crystal at 1000 K. Given that melting point of copper is 1083°C and enthalpy of vacancy formation in copper is 120 kJ per mole.

Calculate the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in a copper crystal at 1000 K. Given that melting point of copper is 1083°C and enthalpy of vacancy formation in copper is 120 kJ per mole.

Explain with appropriate diagrams various point defects observed in solid crystals.

What is epitaxial growth? What are the advantages of MBE growth technique? State its applications.

 Describe the importance and cost advantages of powder metallurgy in materials processing.

 Calculate the mass of phosphorus required to make a silicon crystal with 107 cm doping density, if the initial melt load of silicon is 50 kg. The density of silicon in the melt is 2.5 g cm³ and phosphorus has an atomic weight of 30.97u. Assume that the segregation coefficient ko=0.35 is constant throughout the growth process.

Explain with diagram the float zone method of crystal growth. State its advantages over the Czochralski method.

What are solid solutions? Explain the rules (Hume-Rothery) governing the formation of substitutional solid solutions.

What are glassy alloys? Discuss their mechanical properties vis-à-vis normal metal alloys and ceramic oxide materials. State any four technological applications of glassy alloys.

Explain with diagram, how many identical points are created by a 3 roto-inversion operation. Among 3-fold rotation and 3 roto-inversion operation, which one has higher order? Why?

Trace the relationship between economic growth and social development.

Explain the role of social legislation in women's empowerment in India.

 Illustrate the concept of communicable diseases and highlight the burden of communicable diseases in the Global South.

Present the notable elements of the National Health Policy of India.

Enlist the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030.

Enlist the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030.