Discuss various mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs.

Explain the term active transport and discuss its role in nutrition uptake by bacterial cell.

Draw and discuss the generalized life cycle of fungi.

Explain the general structure of a bacterial cell.

What is BIOLOG and its application?

Explain the terms: phylogenetic tree and molecular characterization of microorganisms. 

Write a short note on polyphasic taxonomy.

Discuss the role of microorganisms in fermentation.

Differentiate between El Nino and La Nina.

Describe the significance of jet streams in shaping global weather patterns and aviation routes.

Write a note on Applied Climatology.

Differentiate between fronts and cyclones.

Distinguish between prevailing winds and seasonal winds.

 Distinguish between weather and climate. Identify the elements controlling weather and climate.

Give a detailed description of the vertical layers of the earth's atmosphere.

Discuss different approaches to climatic classification. Describe briefly the broad climatic types of Koppen.

Describe the procedures, tools, and methods used in weather forecasting.

Define airmass. Describe the winter and summer airmasses of Asia.

What is coriolis force? Describe horizontal pressure distribution patterns on earth.

 Define insolation and discuss the factors affecting insolation. Discuss the concept of heat balance between the earth and atmosphere.