IGNOU BAFFSM BECM 161 SOLVED ASSIGNMENT

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BECM 161 (January 2025) - ENGLISH

Course Code: BECM-161

Assignment Code: BECM-161/2025

Total Marks: 100

Section A

Answer the following Descriptive Category questions in about 500 words each. Each question carries 20 marks

1 (a) Using Isoquant and Isocost line, explain the optimum combinations of factors and Producer's equilibrium.

(b) What is the relationship between long run Marginal cost and Long run Average cost curve? Explain the concept of long period Economic Efficiency using a diagram.

2 (a) Explain using diagram the shut down point and break even point for a perfectly competitive firm.

(b) The price determination under Monopoly is different from Perfect Competition. Explain how.

Answer the following Middle Category questions in about 250 words each. Each question carries 10 marks.

3 (a) Derive the demand curve from Indifference Curve for an inferior good.

(b) Explain the total Expenditure method of calculating the price elasticity of demand.

4(a) "Economies of Scale lead to increasing returns in the long run", in the light of this statement, discuss the internal and external economies of scale accruing to the firm in the long run.

5(b) If the government fixes the price above the equilibrium price, what impact will it have on the market?

X and Y. State and explain the (a) A consumer consumes only two goods conditions of consumer equilibrium under utility analysis.

(b) Give reasons for diminishing returns to a factor in the short run.

Section C

Answer the following Short Category questions in about 100 words each. Each question carries 6 marks.

6 Distinguish between extension of supply and an increase in supply.

7 What is Market Failure? Under what conditions can the market fail?

8 What happens to the budget line when the income of the consumer increases. Use diagram to show.

9 Discuss with example the concept and features of Monopolistic Competition.

10 Law of Diminishing returns applies only in the short-run. Do you agree?

BECM 161 2025 2026 - English

ВЕСМ-161: PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS

Tutor Marked Assignments

Course Code: BECM-161

Assignment Code: BECM-161/2025-26

Total Marks: 100

Section A

Answer the following Descriptive Category questions in about 500 words each. Each question carries 20 marks

1.(a) Explain with illustration the three stages of production. Why should a rational producer under competitive condition should produce in stage II?

(b) What is production possibility curve (PPC)? How does a PPC provide an economy's menu of choices?

2. (a) What is indifference curve? Explain its properties.

(b) A consumer has utility function for goods X and Y as under :

U(X,Y)=X^0.2 Y^0.7

I. What will be the consumer's marginal utility for X.

II. What will be the consumer's marginal utility for Y.

Section B

Answer the following Middle Category questions in about 250 words each. Each question carries 10 marks.

3. (a) How does want and utility are interconnected to each other? How is the cardinal approach different from ordinal approach to consumer behavior?

(b) On what grounds, the law of diminishing marginal utility is criticized by the modern economists?

4. What are implicit costs? How are these implicit costs estimated? Do you think that these costs be included as part of costs of production? Give reasons for your answer.

5. (a) Distinguish between public monopoly and private monopolist. How does public monopoly firm makes its price and output decisions? Illustrate.

(b) What do you understand by the term 'market failure'? Explain the various sources of market failure. Which policy instruments can be resorted to regulate the inefficient market situations?

Section C

Answer the following Short Category questions in about 100 words each. Each question carries 6 marks.

6. Explain how does 'scarcity' lie at the root of all economic activities?

7. Explain with diagrams the approaches that are used to decompose the price effect into substation effect and income effect.

8. Discuss the relationship between marginal and average product curves.

9. Distinguish between any two of the followings:

(i) Marginal physical product and marginal revenue product.

(ii) Adverse selection and moral hazards.

(iii) Normal profit and abnormal profit.

10. Given the following supply and demand functions of a commodity X, determine its equilibrium price and quantity.

?_? = 8000 − 1000?_x

?_? = −4000 + 2000?_x

 

BECM 161 2025 2026 - Hindi

BECM 161 व्यष्टि अर्थशास्त्र के सिद्धांत

शिक्षक मूल्यांकित सत्रीय कार्य

पाठ्यक्रम कोड: बी.ई.सी.एम.161

सत्रीय कार्य कोड: ए.एस.टी. (टी.एम.ए.) / 2025-26

पूर्णांक: 100

निम्नलिखित वर्णनात्मक श्रेणी के प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 500 शब्दों में लिखें। प्रत्येक प्रश्न के उत्तर का मान 20 अंक है।

1. क) रेखाचित्र देते हुए उत्पादन की तीन अवस्थायें बतायें। एक युक्त (rationa) उत्पादक को प्रतियोगी दशाओं के अंतर्गत द्वितीय अवस्था के अंतर्गत उत्पादन क्यों करना चाहियें?

(ख) उत्पादन संभावना वक्र (PCC) क्या है?PPC वक्र किस प्रकार अर्थव्यवस्था के चयन की वस्तुओं को प्रदान करता है?

2. (क) तटस्थता वक्र क्या होते है? इनकी विशेषताएं बतायें।

(ख) दो वस्तुओं X तथा Y के लिए एक उपभोक्ता का उपयोगिता फलन इस प्रकार दिया है:

U(X,Y) = X^0.2Y^0.7

(i) X के लिए उपभोक्ता की सीमांत उपयोगिता क्या होगी?

(ii) Y के लिए उपभोक्ता की सीमांत उपयोगिता क्या होगी?

खंड ख

निम्नलिखित मध्यम श्रेणी के प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 250 शब्दों में लिखें। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 10 अंक का है।  

3. क) आवश्यकता एवं उपयोगिता एक दूसरे से किस प्रकार अंर्तसंबंधित हैं? उपभोक्ता व्यवहार के संबंध में गणनावाचक एवं क्रमवाचक दृष्टिकोण में अंतर बतायें।

ख) आधुनिक अर्थशास्त्रियों द्वारा किस आधार पर हासमान सीमांत उपयोगिता नियम की आलोचना की जाती है?

4. अंर्तनिहित लागतें क्या है? इन अंर्तनिहित लागतों का आकलन किस प्रकार किया जा सकता है? क्या आप ऐसा मानते है कि इन लागतों को उत्पादन की लागतों में सम्मिलित किया जाना चाहिए। अपने उत्तर के समर्थन में कारण दें।

5. (क) सावर्जनिक एकाधिकार तथा निजी एकाधिकारी फर्म में अंतर बतायें? रेखाचित्र की सहायता से व्याख्या करें कि एक सार्वजनिक एकाधिकारी फर्म अपने कीमत एवं उत्पादन की मात्रा का निर्धारण किस प्रकार करती है?

ख) बाज़ार की विफलता से आप क्या समझते हो? बाज़ार की विफलता के विभिन्न स्रोतों को बतायें। अदक्ष बाज़ार की स्थितियों में सुधार लाने हेतु कौन-कौन से नीतिगत संयंत्रों का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है?

खंड ग

प्रत्येक लघु उत्तर के प्रश्नों के उत्तर 100 शब्दों में लिखें। प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए 6 अंक हैं।

6. व्याख्या करें किस प्रकार दुर्लभता (scarcity) सभी आर्थिक क्रियाओं का मूल कारण होती है?

7. रेखाचित्र की सहायता से कीमत प्रभाव को आय प्रभाव एवं स्थानपित्त प्रभाव के रूप में विलगन करने की प्रक्रिया की व्याख्या करें।

8. सीमांत आगम वक्र तथा औसत आगम वक्र की बीच अंर्तसंबंध की चर्चा करें।

9. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं तीन के बीच अंतर बतायें।

i. सीमांत भौतिक उत्पाद तथा सीमांत आगम उत्पाद

ii. प्रतिकूल चयन तथा नैतिक खतरे

iii. सामान्य लाभ तथा असामान्य लाभ

10. निम्नलिखित प्रदत्त माँग फलन एवं पूर्ति फलन की सहायता से X वस्तु की संतुलित कीमत एवं मात्रा का निर्धारण करें।

Q_d=8000- 1000P_x

Q_s=-4000+2000P_x

 

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Course Name	Bachelor of Arts (Facility and Services Management)
Course Code	BAFFSM
Programm	Courses
Language	English

 

 

 

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