Write the chemical equation for following named reactions:

a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction

b) Kolbe reaction

c) Claisen reaction

d) Knoevenagel reaction

e) Willgerodt reaction

a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction  
The Reimer-Tiemann reaction is a method for the ortho-formylation of phenols, using chloroform (CHCl₃) and a strong base (usually NaOH).  
Chemical equation:  
\[
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