Write short notes on the following.  

(a) Formation of continents and ocean basins.  

(b) Sedimentary rocks. 

A)

The formation of continents and ocean basins is a complex process that has occurred over billions of years. There are various theories and processes that have been proposed to explain the formation of the continents and ocean basins, including plate tectonics, continental drift, and volcanic activity.

One of the most widely accepted theories for the formation of the continents and ocean basins is plate tectonics. According to this theory, the Earth's outermost layer, or lithosphere, is broken into several large plates that move and interact with one another. These plates are in constant motion due to convection currents in the underlying mantle. As the plates move, they can collide, move apart, or slide past each other. When two plates collide, one plate can be forced under the other, which can cause volcanic activity and earthquakes.

When two continental plates collide, they can push up against each other, causing the formation of mountains, such as the Himalayas. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate will be forced under the continental plate, creating a subduction zone. This can cause volcanic activity and the formation of oceanic trenches. When two oceanic plates collide, one plate will be forced under the other, creating __________ ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________.
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