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Binary search is a highly efficient algorithm used to find the position of a target element within a sorted array. Unlike linear search, which checks each element sequentially, binary search divides the search interval in half repeatedly, significantly reducing the number of comparisons required. To implement a binary search in C, one must understand the basic steps: initialize the lower and upper bounds of the array, calculate the middle index, compare the middle element with the target, and adjust the bounds based on the comparison result. This process is repeated until the target is found or the bounds cross, indicating that the element is not present in the array. Binary search assumes that the array is sorted in ascending order; if it is not, the algorithm will not function correctly. In C programming, the implementation begins with including the necessary header files, usually `stdio.h` for input and output operations. Next, one defines the main function and declares required variables, such as the array, its size, the element to be searched, and indices representing the lower, upper, and middle bounds. The program typically prompts the user to enter the number of elements in the array and the elements themselves. It also prompts for the target element that needs to be searched. Once the array is populated and the target element is defined, the binary search procedure can be executed. The iterative approach to binary search in C ____ _________ ______ ___ ________.
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