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Between the 12th and 15th centuries, the traditions of painting in India evolved in response to significant political, religious, and cultural transformations. This period, falling between the decline of classical Indian empires and the rise of the Mughal Empire, witnessed regional artistic developments shaped by both indigenous traditions and external influences. The major schools of painting that flourished during this period include the Jain, Buddhist, and early Islamic traditions, especially those linked to manuscript illustration and temple decoration. One of the most significant traditions of painting in this period was the Jain manuscript painting, which reached its zenith in western India, particularly in Gujarat and Rajasthan. These paintings were closely linked to the religious and literary activities of the Jain community. The illustrated manuscripts, often created on palm leaf and later on paper, included religious texts such as ___ __________ ______ __________ _______ _______ _______ _______.
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