Write a note on the Revolt of 1857.

The Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, was a significant uprising against British colonial rule. It marked a crucial turning point in Indian history, with a broad range of social, political, and economic factors contributing to the rebellion.

### Background and Causes

#### Political Causes
1. Doctrine of Lapse: Introduced by Lord Dalhousie, this policy allowed the British to annex any Indian state where the ruler died without a male heir. This was seen as a direct attack on the traditional systems of succession and deeply offended Indian rulers and their subjects.
2. Subsidiary Alliance: This policy, also enforced by Dalhousie, required Indian states to maintain British troops and accept British political agents. This undermined the autonomy of Indian rulers.
3. Annexation of Oudh: The annexation of Oudh in 1856 by the British on the pretext of misgovernance was a significant blow to Indian nobility and peasants, who felt betrayed and humiliated.

#### Economic Causes
1. Exploitation of Resources: The British systematically exploited India’s resources for their own benefit, leading ____ ____ _________ ___ ____ _____ ____ _______ _________.
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