Write a note on the revenue administration under the Delhi Sultanate.

The revenue administration under the Delhi Sultanate, which spanned from the early 13th century to the early 16th century, was one of the most important aspects of its governance. This period, marked by the establishment of Muslim rule in India, saw several innovations and reforms in the management of revenue, which helped consolidate the Sultanate's power. The revenue system was built upon the foundations laid by previous Indian kingdoms but was restructured to meet the requirements of the Sultanate’s administrative and military needs. The system was highly centralized, with the Sultan at the apex of all governance, and it relied heavily on land revenue as the primary source of state income.

### Structure of the Revenue Administration

The revenue system under the Delhi Sultanate was organized at multiple levels, with a clear hierarchy of officials responsible for the collection, assessment, and management of revenue. The Sultan was the ultimate authority, but the responsibility for day-to-day operations rested with a set of officers who managed different aspects of the revenue system.

At the top was the Diwan-i-Wizarat, which was responsible for the overall financial administration. Under this office, there was the Diwan-i-Riyasat, the revenue department, which managed land revenue and other state incomes. In the provinces and districts, the Sultans appointed officers known as Shiqdars, Faujdar, and Amins, who were responsible for collecting revenue from their respective areas. These officials often had both civil and military responsibilities, which made the revenue collection process closely tied to the military structure of the state.

### Land Revenue and its Assessment

Land revenue was the primary source of income for the Sultanate. The land was divided into several categories depending on its fertility, location, and productivity. The most important measure of land in this period was the bigha, though units such as biswah and suar were also used in different regions. The assessment of land revenue was based on the __________ _________ __________ __________ ________ __________ __________ ________ __________ _________ ___.
_______ _____ ____ ___ _________.
______ __________ ____ ________ ______ _____ ____ ____ _________ ____ ____.
___ ______ ____ _______ __________ _____ _______ __________ ___ ____ ___.
_____ __________ ______ _____ ________ ___ ___.
_____ __________ _________ _______ _________ _________.
_______ ________ __________ ________ _______.
_______ ____ _________ __________ _____ ________ _______ ________ ________ ______ __________ ____.
_____ _________ ___ __________ ___ _______ ____ _________ _____ ________ __________.
_______ ____ _______ _____ ____ ___ ________ __________ ________ ________ _____.
________ ___ _____ _______ ___.
___ __________ ___ _______ ________ __________ _________ _________ ______ ___ _________ _______.
_________ ________ ___ _____ ______ ____ _______.
_______ __________ __________ _____ __________.
____ _______ __________ _____ ________ _________ __________.
______ __________ _______ ______ ____ ____ _______ _______ ___ _______ __________ _________.
_______ ___ _________ ___ ________ _________ _________ _________ ___ _____.
________ _____ _____ ______ _____.
_____ ________ ____ ________ ___ _________ _________ __________.
__________ ___ __________ ___ _________ _______.
___ ________ _______ __________ ___ ________.
_____ ___ _______ _____ ______ ______.
____ ______ _______ __________ __________ _____ _________.
________ _____ _____ __________ ________ ______ _________ _________.
________ _______ _______ ______ ________ ____ ______ _____ _______ __________ __________ _________.
_______ _________ ____ ___ __________.
__________ _________ _______ ______ ________ _______ ____.
__________ _____ ____ ________ _______ ________ _______ _______ _______ __________.
_______ ______ ____ ______ __________ ________.
_______ ____ ________ ______ ______ _____ ___ ___ _______ ____ ________ ______.
________ _______ ___ __________ __________ ________ _________.
____ _______ ____ ____ _________ ____ _______ ________.
________ _______ ______ _____ __________ ________ _______.
________ ______ ____ _____ _______ _____ _____ ___ ___.
___ _____ ___ _____ _____ _____ __________ _________.
_____ ___ _____ ____ ________ ____.
___ _________ ____ ______ ______ _________ __________ __________ ______.
______ ________ _____ _______ ____ ___ ________ ___ __________.
___ ______ __________ _______ _______ _____ ________.
_______ ________ ___ ______ _____ ______ _____.
______ ______ ____ _______ __________ ___ _________ ______ _________.
_____ ____ _______ ________ __________ ____ ___ ________.
____ ____ ________ _________ _________ ______ ___ ___ __________ ______ ________ ______.
___ _____ __________ _____ _________ __________ ______ ________ ___ ______.
______ ____ _____ __________ __________ ____.
______ ________ _________ _________ _________ ___ _________ __________ _________ ____.
_________ ______ _____ __________ ________ _____ _____ ______ ____.
___ _________ ________ __________ ___ _______ _________ _____ ___.
___ _____ ______ ____ ________.
________ ____ ________ ____ ___.
_____ ____ ______ _____ __________ __________ ____.
_____ ______ ______ _______ ________ __________ _____ _____.
_____ _____ _______ _____ ____ _____ _________.
________ __________ __________ _____ _______ _____ _________ ___ _______ ______.
_________ _________ ____ ______ ________ __________ _________ ___ _______.
______ _______ _______ ________ ______ ______ ____ _________.
________ _____ _________ __________ ___ __________ _________ ___.
____ _________ __________ _____ _____ _________ ___ ________.
____ __________ ________ ____ _______ _________ _________.
___ _______ __________ _____ ____ ____.
___ ____ ______ _____ _____ ________ _________ _____ _________ _____.
_________ _______ ___ __________ _____.
_______ _____ _____ _________ _____ _____ ______ ________ ____ _____ ____ _________.
________ ___ ____ ___ _________ ______ _________.
____ _____ __________ ____ ________ ____.
________ ___ ______ ____ ____.
_______ ________ ______ _________ __________ __________ _______ ________ __________ ________.
______ ________ _____ _____ _____ ______ _______ ___ ______.
________ _________ _______ ___ __________.
_________ _______ ___ ______ ________ _________.
__________ ___ _____ _______ __________ ______ __________ _____ ___ _________ _________ ______.
________ ___ __________ _________ ________ ____.
____ _______ _________ __________ ___ _______ _________ _________.
___ _____ _____ ______ _______ ________ __________ ____.
_________ _______ _________ ________ _____ ________ ________ ______ ___ _________.
________ _____ ________ ________ _______ ____ _________ ________.
____ ________ ____ ______ _____ _______ _______ _________ ____ ____ ___.
______ _________ ________ __________ _________ __________.
______ _______ ______ ___ __________ _____ ____.
_______ ______ ________ _________ _________ ______.
_________ ______ ___ ____ ____ ________ _______.
________ _________ ____ _______ ____ ___ _____ ______.
____ _________ __________ ________ ____ ______ __________ ____ _________ _______ _____ _________.
_____ _____ ________ _____ _______ ________ ____ _______ ___.
_____ _________ ______ ______ _______ __________ _______ ____ ________ __________.
______ _______ __________ _____ _______ _________ _______ ____.
____ ________ ____ _______ ___ ____ _______ ___ ______ ________ ____.
________ _________ _________ _______ _____ __________.
________ ________ ________ ________ _________ _________.
____ ___ ___ _________ _____ _______ ________ _____ ______ ______ __________ ________.
_____ ________ __________ _________ ________ _____ _______.
_______ ___ _________ ________ _________ ________.
________ ___ _____ ________ _______ __________ ______ ___ ____ _______ ________.
___ ____ _______ _______ ______ _________ _______ ____ _________ ______.
_________ ______ ________ ________ _____ ____.
____ ____ _____ _____ _________ _________ __________ ___ _____.
___ ____ ____ __________ _________ _____ ________.
____ ________ ________ _____ _________ ________ ________ __________.
_____ ______ ____ ____ ______ __________ ____.
__________ ___ _______ ________ _________ _______.
___ ___ ____ _____ __________ ___ __________ ____ _______ _______ ____ _______.
__________ ____ ________ ________ ___ _________ ___ _________ __________ _______ ___ ___.
_________ ________ _______ _______ ____ _____ __________ ___.
______ ___ ______ _____ _______ _________ _______ _____ ________ __________ ________.
_________ ______ ____ _________ ______ ____.
________ __________ _____ __________ ____ _______ ____ ________ ______ __________ _________.
___ ______ _________ ______ ___ _________ ___ _______.
___ ______ _________ _____ ______ ________ _____ ______ ______ ______.
___ _______ ___ ________ _____ _____ __________ ___ ________ _____ ______.
______ ___ _________ ________ _______ _________ _____ ________ _______ __________ ___.
___ ______ _________ __________ ______ ______ ________ _________.
____ _________ ___ ________ _____.
___ _____ ___ ________ ___ _____ _________.
__________ ________ ______ ________ __________ _______ _______.
__________ ______ _______ _______ _________ __________ ______ _____ ___.
______ _______ __________ ______ ________ _____ _____ _________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp