Write a note on the Concept of Avidya propounded by Śaṁkara and the refutation of the concept of Avidyā/Māyā by Rāmānuja.

The concept of avidya or ignorance is central to the Vedanta school of Indian philosophy, which is primarily concerned with the study of the Upanishads and the Brahma Sutras. In the Vedanta tradition, there are two main schools of thought on the nature of avidya: the Advaita school, which was founded by Shankara, and the Vishishtadvaita school, which was founded by Ramanuja.

According to the Advaita school, avidya is the fundamental cause of human suffering and is the root of all ignorance and delusion. Avidya is considered to be a veil that covers the true nature of reality, and it is only through the removal of this veil that one can attain liberation or moksha.

Shankara argues that the root of avidya is the mistaken identification of the self (atman) with the body and mind, which leads to the illusion of a separate individual self. This illusion _____ _____ _______ _________ ___ _____ _____ ______.
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